Excitation of isomeric 4+ states in the photonuclear (γ,n) reaction on the 113In nucleus
Abstract
This paper presents the results of a study of the excitation of 4+ isomeric states in a (γ, n) photoneutron reaction on the 113In nucleus, as well as an analysis of the energy and probability characteristics of the formation of these states. Using the induced activity method, the energy dependences of the isomeric yield ratio and the reaction cross section for the (γ, n) reaction on the 113In nucleus were determined in the energy range of 1435 MeV with a step of 1 MeV. The obtained experimental data are compared with theoretical calculations. Theoretical calculations of the nuclear reaction cross sections and isomeric cross section ratios were performed using the TALYS-1.6 software package. The calculations were performed over a wide range of incident particle energies, taking into account various nuclear reaction mechanisms, including direct, presumably equilibrium, and pre-equilibrium processes. Standard models implemented in the TALYS code were used to describe the nuclear structure and level density.
About the Authors
List of references
Mukhin K.N. Experimental nuclear physics. – Saint Petersburg: Lan Publishing House, 2009. – 383 p. In Russian: Мухин К.Н. Экспериментальная ядерная физика. - Санкт-Петербург: изд. «Лань», 2009. - 383 с.
Ishkhanov B.S., Kapitonov I.M., Yudin N.P. Particles and atomic nuclei. – Moscow: Knizhny Dom “Librokom”, 2013. In Russian: Ишханов Б. С., Капитонов И. М., Юдин Н. П. Частицы и атомные ядра. – М.: Книжный дом «Либроком», 2013.
Photonuclear reactions. Introduction [Electronic resource] In Russian: Фотоядерные реакции. Введение [Electronic resource]. http://nuclphys.sinp.msu.ru/phnuc/phnuc0.html.
Varlamov V.V., Ishkhanov B.S., Kapitonov I.M. Photonuclear reactions. Current status of experimental data. Textbook. – Moscow: Universitetskaya Kniga, 2008. – 304 p. In Russian: Варламов В.В., Ишханов Б.С., Капитонов И.М. Фотоядерные реакции. Современный статус экспериментальных данных. Учебное пособие. - М.: Университетская книга, 2008. -304 с
Ishkhanov B.S., Kapitonov I.M. Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with atomic nuclei. Textbook. – Moscow: Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1976. – 189 p. In Russian: Ишханов Б.С., Капитонов И.М. Взаимодействие электромагнитного излучения с атомными ядрами. Учебное пособие. – М.: НИИЯФ МГУ,1976. -189 с.
Ishkhanov B.S., Kapitonov I.M. Giant dipole resonance in atomic nuclei. Textbook. – Moscow: Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 2008. In Russian: Ишханов Б.С., Капитонов И.М. Гигантский дипольный резонанс в атомных ядрах. Учебное пособие. - М.: НИИЯФ МГУ,2008.
Mazur V.M. Excitation of nuclear isomeric states in photoneutron reactions in the giant dipole resonance region. Physics of Elementary Particles and Atomic Nuclei, 2000, 31, No. 2, 1043–1429. In Russian: Мазур В.М. Возбуждение изомерных состояний ядер в фотонейтронных реакциях в области гигантского дипольного резонанса. ЭЧАЯ, 2000, 31, No. 2,1043–429.
Palvanov S.R., Razhabov O. Isomeric yield ratios of photonuclear reactions at Eγmax 25 and 30 MeV. Atomic Energy. 1999, 87, No.1, 533-536.
Palvanov S.R. Excitation of Isomeric States in the (γ, n), (n, 2n), and (γ, 2n) Reactions on the 113In Nucleus. Physics of Atomic Nuclei, 2014, 77, No. 1, 35-38.
Lederer C. S. V. Table of Isotopes. - New York: New York: Wiley Sons. Inc., 2000.
Firestone R.B., Shirley V.S. Table of Isotopes. 8-th ed. // New York: J. Wiley and Sons, 1996.
https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/ensdf/.
Vanska R., Rieppo R. The experimental isomeric cross-section in the nuclear activation technique. Nucl. Instrum. Meth., 1981,179, 525-532.
Zheltonozhsky V.A. et al. Cross section of metastable ground-state population in the photoneutron decay of the E1 giant resonance for 110 110 Pd, 112 112 Cd, and 113 113 In nuclei // Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Physics. – 2008. – Vol. 72, No. 11. – p. 1634. In Russian: Желтоножский В.А. и др. Поперечное сечение метастабильной государственной популяции в распаде фотонетрона гигантского резонанса E1 для 110Pd, 112Cd и 113In ядер. //Известия РАН. Сер. физ. – 2008. – vol.72, No.11. – pp.1634
Carver J.H., Coote G.E., Sherwood T.R. Isomeric (γ, n) cross section ratios and the spin dependence of the nuclear level density //Nucl. Phys. – 1962. -No.37. - pp.449-453.
Demekhina N.A., Danagulyan A.S., Karapetyan G.S. Analysis of isomeric ratios in (, n) and (, p) reactions in the giant resonance energy region // Physics of Atomic Nuclei. – 2002. – Vol. 65, No. 2. – pp. 390–395. In Russian: Демехина Н.А., Данагулян А.С., Карапетян Г.С. Анализ изомерных отношений в (γ, n) и (γ, p) реакциях в области энергий гигантского резонанса // Ядерная физика. - 2002. - Vol. 65, № 2. -
pp. 390–395.
Kolev D., Dobreva E., Nenov N., Todorov V. A convenient method for the experimental determination of yields and isomeric ratios in photonuclear reactions measured by the activation method // Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A. – 1995. – No. 356. – pp. 390–396. In Russian: Kolev D., Dobreva E., Ненов Н., Тодоров В. Удобный метод экспериментального определения выходов и изомерных соотношений в фотоядрных реакциях, измеренных методом активации. //Nucl. Instrum. and Meth. in Phys. Res. A. -1995. - No. 356. - pp. 390-396.
Rahman M.S. et al. Measurement of isomeric-yield ratios of 109m,gPd and 115m,gCd with 50-, 60-, and 70-MeV bremsstrahlung // Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B Beam Interact. with Mater. Atoms. - 2012. - Vol. 276. - pp. 44–50.
Mazur V.M., Bigan Z.M., Symochko D.M. Excitation of 109Pd and 112In nuclear isomers in (γ, n) reactions // Phys. Part. Nucl. Lett. - 2008. - Vol. 5, № 4. - pp. 374–378.
Gangrsky Yu.P., Tonchev A.P., Balabanov N.P. Excitation of isomeric states in photonuclear reactions // Physics of Elementary Particles and Atomic Nuclei. – Dubna: Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 1996. – Vol. 27, No. 4. – pp. 1043–1098. In Russian: Гангрский Ю.П., Тончев А.П., Балабанов Н.П. Возбуждение изомерных состояний в фотоядерных реакциях // Физика элементарных частиц и атомного ядра. – Дубна: ОИЯИ,1996. - Vol. 27, № 4.- С.1043-1098
Filatenkov A.A., Chuvaev S.V., Aksenov V.N., Jakovlev V.A. Systematic Measurement of Activation Cross Sections at Neutron Energies from 13.4 to 14.9 MeV. - IAEA Report INDC(CCP)-402. – Vienna: IAEA, 2000. - pp. 1-40.
Dietrich, S.S.; Berman, B.L. Atlas of photoneutron cross sections obtained with monoenergetic photons // Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables - 1988. – Vol.38, No. 2. - pp. 199-338.
www.talys.eu.
Sambell R.H., Spicer B.M. The photoneutron cross section of 45Sc // Nucl.Phys. -1973. - Vol. A205. - pp.139-142.
Schiff L.I. Energy – Angle Distribution of Thin Target Bremsstrahlung // Phys. Rev. -1951. - Vol. 83, No 2. - pp. 252-253.
Ishkhanov B.S., Kapitonov I.M. Giant dipole resonance in atomic nuclei. Textbook. – Moscow: Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 2008. In Russian: Ишханов Б.С., Капитонов И.М. Гигантский дипольный резонанс в атомных ядрах. Учебное пособие. - М.: НИИЯФ МГУ,2008
Bigan Z.M., Mazur V.M., Torich Z.Z. Isomeric ratios in (γ, n) reactions on heavy nuclei. Institute for Nuclear Research, Academy of Sciences, Preprint KINR – 84-10, Kyiv, 1984. – 16 p. In Russian: Биган З.М., Мазур В.М., Торич З.З. Изомерные отношения в реакциях (γ, n) на тяжелых ядрах.ИЯФ АН, Препринт КИЯИ – 84-10, - Киев, 1984. - 16 с.
Varlamov V.V., Davydov A.I. Photonuclear experiments: from bremsstrahlung radiation to inverse Compton scattering photons. Moscow University Physics Bulletin. Series 3. Physics. Astronomy. 79(2), 2420201(1–8) (2024). In Russian: Варламов В.В., Давыдов А.И. Фотоядерные эксперименты: от тормозного γ-излучения до фотонов обратного комптоновского рассеяния. ВМУ. Серия 3. ФИЗИКА. АСТРОНОМИЯ. 79(2), 2420201(1-8) (2024).
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.